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Root canal infections: Symptoms and causes

When it comes to restoring damaged or decayed teeth, a root canal may be required. However, there are some possibilities of infection after receiving a root canal.  

Understanding the symptoms and causes of root canal infections can help you seek timely care and maintain your oral health. Let's explore what you need to know about root canal infections. 

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Understanding root canals

Root canal treatments are designed to save teeth that have been severely damaged or will be damaged soon by the extent of decay or injury. The affected pulp is removed during the root canal procedure, and the tooth is sealed with tooth filling. However, in some cases, bacteria can persist or re-enter the tooth, leading to a root canal infection. While rare, these infections require prompt attention to prevent further complications.

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The root canal procedure

The root canal procedure requires skill and precision, involving the use of specialized tools to clean out the infected pulp, shape the canal, and fill it with a biocompatible material. This aims to eliminate bacteria and prevent future infections. While the success rate is typically around 92.6%, according to the National Institute of Health, complications can arise due to the intricate anatomy of tooth roots and persistent bacteria. Understanding these factors can help you communicate effectively with your dentist and take necessary precautions for the best dental health outcome.

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 Illustration of a dental procedure showing a drill being used to treat an infected root canal in a molar, highlighted by a red area at the base of the tooth.

What is a root canal infection?

A root canal infection happens when bacteria penetrates the tooth's inner pulp, which contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. This can occur due to deep decay, repeated dental procedures, or tooth injuries. When left untreated, the infection can spread, causing pain and potentially leading to tooth loss. 

Root canal infection symptoms

Root canal infections can manifest in various ways. Here are the most common symptoms to watch out for:

What causes a root canal infection?

Risk factors of root canal treatment infection

Several factors can increase your risk of developing a root canal infection:

A man consults with a dental professional in an office about the benefits of early root canal treatment. Text on the image lists benefits: "Pain relief, Tooth preservation, Prevention of spread, Improved oral health and Cost-effective.

Benefits of early treatment

Treating an infection promptly offers several significant benefits. Pain relief is a primary advantage, as it alleviates the intense discomfort associated with infections. Early intervention can save your natural tooth from extraction, preserving it and preventing the infection from spreading to nearby teeth or the jawbone. This timely treatment not only promotes overall dental wellness but is also cost-effective, often being less expensive than addressing advanced complications.

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When to see a dentist for a failed root canal

Don't ignore potential signs of a root canal infection. Schedule an appointment with your dentist if you experience: 


  • Persistent tooth pain

  • Prolonged sensitivity to temperature 

  • Swelling or tenderness in your gums 

  • Tooth discoloration 

  • Persistent bad breath or taste 

  • Any noticeable changes in your oral health 

Treatment options for a failed root canal

4 tips for preventing root canal infection

Root canal infection FAQs

A root canal treatment typically takes 1-2 appointments, each lasting about 60 minutes, depending on the complexity of the case.

Yes, if left untreated, a root canal infection can spread to surrounding teeth, gums, and even to other parts of the body. This is why prompt treatment is crucial.

Maintain good oral hygiene, visit your dentist regularly, avoid excessive sugar consumption, and address any tooth injuries or decay promptly to reduce your risk of root canal infections.

Untreated root canal infections can lead to severe pain, abscess formation, bone loss, and eventually, tooth loss. In rare cases, the infection can spread to other parts of the body, causing serious health complications.

The primary alternative to a root canal is tooth extraction. However, preserving your natural tooth through root canal treatment is often the preferred option when possible.

Most patients can return to their normal activities the day after the procedure. However, it's best to avoid strenuous physical activity for a few days following treatment.

Root canal treatments have a high success rate, with many treated teeth lasting a lifetime with proper care and maintenance.

If you're experiencing symptoms of a root canal infection, contact your dentist immediately for an evaluation. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and potentially save your tooth. 

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Preventive care: Your path to a healthier smile

Remember, early detection and treatment of root canal infections significantly improve the chances of saving the tooth and preventing the spread of infection to other parts of your mouth or body. Don't hesitate to reach out to your dentist if you have any concerns or questions about your root canal treatment.

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